What are the framework structures of substations?

The framework structure of substations is mainly classified according to materials, forms, and functions. Based on the latest publicly available information, the common types are as follows:

Classified by structural materials

-Steel structure framework: using a combination of steel beams and columns, it has the advantages of high strength, good seismic resistance, and fast construction, and is suitable for 500kV and above ultra-high voltage substations.

-Reinforced concrete structure: Achieving a balance between economy and durability through the combination of concrete and steel bars, suitable for corrosive environments or landscape sensitive areas.

-Prefabricated modular frame structure: using prefabricated static pressure pipe piles, composite panels, autoclaved aerated concrete wall panels, etc., on-site hoisting and assembly are the main methods, with an assembly rate of 53%, significantly shortening the construction period and reducing pollution.

Classified by architectural form

-Portal frame: A triangular stable structure formed by main support rods and inclined support rods, suitable for single-layer arrangement of equipment.

-π - shaped structure: three-dimensional support is achieved through crossbeams and multiple support rods, suitable for multi-layer equipment arrangement.

-Grid structure: a pole system structure composed of steel sections, steel pipes, etc. connected by strips, commonly used in outdoor power distribution equipment of 750kV and above, with the characteristics of low steel consumption and good wind resistance.

Classified by Function and Integration Level

-Conventional substation framework: includes main structures such as main transformers, high and low voltage switchgear, control and protection equipment, as well as auxiliary structures such as communication and monitoring.

-Box type substation (prefabricated cabin type): integrates high voltage switches, transformers, low voltage distribution, etc. into a sealed steel structure box, divided into European (mesh/product layout) and American structures, suitable for urban distribution networks, industrial and mining enterprises, etc.

-Digital substation framework: Based on the IEC 61850 standard, it adopts a three-layer architecture of process layer, interval layer, and station control layer, supporting intelligent device interoperability and data sharing.